01

Three connected layers

Ethereum's work covers account authentication, validator signatures and data availability. Account abstraction and new verification facilities are among the proposed migration tools.

02

Targets are not completion

The Foundation's PQ team estimates L1 upgrades could finish by 2029, with full execution-layer migration taking additional years. These are provisional targets, not an attack forecast or a guarantee.

03

What this arena tracks

We distinguish a proposal, an implementation, a deployed feature and adoption. The investment case concerns execution capacity; it does not imply ETH is already quantum-resistant.

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Ethereum FoundationPost-Quantum Ethereum